Crack, unlike powder cocaine, does not dissolve in water or alcohol and is smoked rather than injected or inhaled. Smoking crack delivers a massive dose of the drug from the lungs to the brain within seconds.
Re Cook Crack With Ammonia
Making crack cocaine with baking powder is a relatively simple process. The drug is mixed into a solution of water and either sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, though ammonia may sometimes be used instead) and boiled until a solid substance is formed and removed from the mixture.
Alternatively, crack cocaine melts at only 98 C with a boiling point of 188 C, which allows the drug to be easily vaporized and smoked using paraphernalia as simple as a handheld lighter and small glass pipe.
That's where MacFarlane comes in. For the past 4 years, he has been working on a fuel cell that can convert renewable electricity into a carbon-free fuel: ammonia. Fuel cells typically use the energy stored in chemical bonds to make electricity; MacFarlane's operates in reverse. In his third-floor laboratory, he shows off one of the devices, about the size of a hockey puck and clad in stainless steel. Two plastic tubes on its backside feed it nitrogen gas and water, and a power cord supplies electricity. Through a third tube on its front, it silently exhales gaseous ammonia, all without the heat, pressure, and carbon emissions normally needed to make the chemical. "This is breathing nitrogen in and breathing ammonia out," MacFarlane says, beaming like a proud father.
Yara is taking a first step toward greening that process with a pilot plant, set to open in 2019, that will sit next to the existing Pilbara factory. Instead of relying on natural gas to make H2, the new add-on will feed power from a 2.5-megawatt solar array into a bank of electrolyzers, which split water into H2 and O2. The facility will still rely on the Haber-Bosch reaction to combine the hydrogen with nitrogen to make ammonia. But the solar-powered hydrogen source cuts total CO2 emissions from the process roughly in half.
Instead of applying fearsome heat and pressure, reverse fuel cells make ammonia by deftly wrangling ions and electrons. As in a battery being charged, charged ions flow between two electrodes supplied with electricity. The anode, covered with a catalyst, splits water molecules into O2, hydrogen ions, and electrons. The protons flow through an electrolyte and a proton-permeable membrane to the cathode, while the electrons make the journey through a wire. At the cathode, catalysts split N2 molecules and prompt the hydrogen ions and electrons to react with nitrogen and make ammonia.
At present, the yields are modest. At room temperature and pressure, the fuel cell reactions generally have efficiencies of between 1% and 15%, and the throughput is a trickle. But MacFarlane has found a way to boost efficiencies by changing the electrolyte. In the water-based electrolyte that many groups use, water molecules sometimes react with electrons at the cathode, stealing electrons that would otherwise go into making ammonia. "We're constantly fighting having the electrons going into hydrogen," MacFarlane says.
To speed things up, MacFarlane and his colleagues are toying with their ionic liquids. In a study published in April in ACS Energy Letters, they report devising one rich in fluorine, which helps protons pass more easily and speeds ammonia production by a factor of 10. But the production rate still needs to rise by orders of magnitude before his cells can meet targets, set for the field by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), that would begin to challenge Haber-Bosch.
The simplest option, Dolan says, is to use the green ammonia as fertilizer, like today's ammonia but without the carbon penalty. Beyond that, ammonia could be converted into electricity in a power plant customized to burn ammonia, or in a traditional fuel cell, as the South Australia plant plans to do. But currently, ammonia's highest value is as a rich source of hydrogen, used to power fuel cell vehicles. Whereas ammonia fertilizer sells for about $750 a ton, hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles can go for more than 10 times that amount.
Beyond 2030, Japan will likely import between $10 billion and $20 billion of hydrogen each year, according to a renewable energy roadmap recently published by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. Japan, Singapore, and South Korea have all begun discussions with Australian officials about setting up ports for importing renewably produced hydrogen or ammonia. "How it all comes together economically, I don't know," Harris says. "But it looks like there's enough interest to get this industry started."
Law enforcement officers who come into contact with iodine crystals shouldexercise extreme caution when handling, storing, or transporting the chemical.Boots, gloves, eye protection, and respiratory gear should be worn when exposureto iodine is likely. Although iodine alone is not flammable, it is a strongoxidizer that can ignite or cause explosions when mixed with other combustiblesor reducing agents such as alkali metals, ammonia, and phosphorus. Iodine shouldbe stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry area away from directsunlight, drastic temperature changes, and chemical substances that reactviolently when mixed with iodine.
Jan 25, 2008 3 PARTS BAKING SODA for every 1 PART COCAINE. Once you have these evenly distributed you want to take your distilled water and mix in enough to get the entire mixture to a muddy thick consistency. You want it to be thin enough to be able to swirl it around the bottom of the jar, but not thick enough that it clumps up and is hard to move. Baking soda and coke react like baking soda and vinegar. It's the reaction of an alkali, or base baking soda with an acid, which is an exciting reaction that releases lots of energy. It's fun to take something like juice from squished blueberries and mix it with baking soda and with coke or vinegar to see the colors you get. Answer 3: Coke is. Freebase/crack is derived from cocaine hydrochloride which has been chemically treated with ammonia or baking-soda to free the potent base material from the salt. Free-base was originally produced by a dangerous four-or-five step process in which the hydrochloride salt was heated with water and a volatile liquid such as ether.
Making your own base means you are not at the mercy of whomever cooked the shit up, and even though most people will tell you that crack is just cocaine base, any dealer with an eye for profit can doctor it in numerous ways. If you want base, find some good quality powder(yes I know it comes in chunks), and follow the instructions.
Sometimes it starts to react right away, and will fizz a bit. Stir it with a toothpick or a match a bit if you want. Pick up the spoon and heat it gently with a lighter held about an inch or two below the spoon. The reaction should fizz away for a while, make sure it does not get too hot, high temperatures break down cocaine, and overcooking can screw up your batch. Slow and steady. Heat it until the reaction stops, and little clearislands of the good stuff are floating in the spoon.
Take your blow, and I would recommend at least .5g, and put it in a 2oz shot glass. Add ammonia until the shot is 1/3 full, it will start to fizz and you should stir it with a toothpick until the reaction calms down. Then use an eyedropper to add the ether one drop at a time, stirring it a little after each addition. The ether will settle to the bottom of the shot glass. Once you have the glass about 1/3 full of ether and the rest ammonia, put your palm over the top of the shot glass and while keeping it right side up, shake it gently for a good long time, at least a couple of minutes.
The traditional, cheap way of making ammonia is to strip hydrogen from natural gas using steam (producing CO2 as a by-product), and then combine that hydrogen with nitrogen from the air at high pressure and temperatures of hundreds of degrees Celsius. This procedure, called the Haber-Bosch process after the Nobel Prize-winning chemists who invented it in the early 1900s, typically releases nearly 2 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere for every ton of usable ammonia.
Crack Cocaine is a hard, mineral-like substance with an off-white tint. Crack Cocaine is made by mixing baking soda or ammonia into the powder form of Cocaine. This mixture is then heated with a lighter or torch until it heats into Crack Cocaine. It is most often vaporized in a glass pipe (often called a stem or a rose because they are sold with a rose inside of them) and inhaled, though some people use soda cans or aluminum foil to heat it. Many users also inject Crack Cocaine; the incredibly destructive effects of this form of Crack Cocaine abuse cannot be overstated.
Crack is the street name given to the freebase form of cocaine that has been processed from the powdered cocaine hydrochloride form to a smokable substance. The term "crack" refers to the crackling sound heard when the mixture is smoked. Crack cocaine is processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride.
The principal routes of cocaine administration are oral, intranasal, intravenous, and inhalation. The slang terms for these routes are, respectively, "chewing," "snorting," "mainlining" or "injecting," and "smoking" (including freebase and crack cocaine). Snorting is the process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nostrils, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting releases the drug directly into the bloodstream, and heightens the intensity of its effects. Smoking involves the inhalation of cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs, where absorption into the bloodstream is as rapid as by injection. The drug can also be rubbed onto mucous tissues. Some users combine cocaine powder or crack with heroin in a "speedball."
In some South American countries, the paste itself is smoked instead of being furtherprocessed into powder. The practice of smoking coca paste has never been popularized inthe United States . Coca paste is almost invariably converted into powder cocaine in theproducing country before being exported to the United States. This is accomplished by,first, dissolving coca paste in hydrochloric acid and water, and then adding potassiumsalt, which causes undesirable substances to separate from the mixture. When ammonia isadded to the remaining solution, powder cocaine precipitates out, and is then removed anddried. While the active ingredient in powder cocaine -- cocaine alkaloid -- does notdiffer from that in coca paste or crack, the salt that is added during this processrenders cocaine hydrochloride unsmokeable.(1) However, thesalt renders the cocaine hydrophilic: i.e., readily dissolvable in water. Thus,cocaine hydrochloride can be mixed with liquid and injected into the bloodstream orinsufflated (snorted) and absorbed through the nasal mucous membranes. Injecting andinsufflating are referred to as "routes of administration." 2ff7e9595c
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